Caliber, in the language of watches, would refer to the particular design or model of the movement inside the watch: in other words, what makes a timepiece tick. Each caliber is exclusive in size, complexity, and features. Some are simple and show only hours, minutes, and seconds. In contrast, others may include a clock, a moon phase, or a perpetual calendar inside.
A watch brand may have signature calibers that reflect engineering excellence and design philosophy. Some collectors and enthusiasts value some of these calibers for their craftsmanship, precision, and reliability as they form the "engine" by which the watch works and stands the test of time.